Article | ||
Download article |
Title: Lipid-based carriers for the delivery of local anesthetics Author: De Araújo, Daniele Ribeiro; Ribeiro, Lígia Nunes De Moraes; De Paula, Eneida Year: 2019 Is part of: Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, v. 16, p. 701 - 714 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2019.1629415 Citation: De Araújo, Daniele Ribeiro; Ribeiro, Lígia Nunes De Moraes; De Paula, Eneida; Lipid-based carriers for the delivery of local anesthetics. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, v.16, p. 701-714, 2019 Abstract: Introduction: There is a clinical need for pharmaceutical dosage forms devised to prolong the acting time of local anesthetic (LA) agents or to reduce their toxicity. Encapsulation of LA in drug delivery systems (DDSs) can provide long-term anesthesia for inpatients (e.g. in immediate postsurgical pain control, avoiding the side effects from systemic analgesia) and diminished systemic toxicity for outpatients (in ambulatory/dentistry procedures). The lipid-based formulations described here, such as liposomes, microemulsions, and lipid nanoparticles, have provided several nanotechnological advances and therapeutic alternatives despite some inherent limitations associated with the fabrication processes, costs, and preclinical evaluation models. Areas covered: A description of the currently promising lipid-based carriers, including liposomes, microemulsions, and nanostructured lipid carriers, followed by a systematic review of the existing lipid-based formulations proposed for LA. Trends in the research of these LA-in-DDS are then exposed, from the point of view of administration route and alternatives for non-traditionally administered LA molecules. Expert opinion: Considering the current state and potential future developments in the field, we discuss the reasons for why dozens of formulations published every year fail to reach clinical trials; only one lipid-based formulation for the delivery of local anesthetic (Exparel (R)) has been approved so far. Keywords: drug delivery systems; liposomes; local anesthetics; nanostructed lipid carriers; Subjects: CIENCIAS_BIOLOGICAS; Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular; CIENCIAS_BIOLOGICAS; Biofísica; Biofísica de Processos e Sistemas; Funding: This work has been sponsored in part by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP #14/14457-5; 14/25372-0). Conselho Nacional de Pesquinsa (CNPq #420869/2016-6). |
Financed by: |